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DeFi Liquidity Pool Calculator

DeFi liquidity pool calculator with multiple tools for yield farming. Calculate liquidity pool returns, autocompounding, and impermanent loss considerations.

Calculator
Enter your investment details to calculate potential returns
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Amount you're providing to the liquidity pool

Annual percentage yield from trading fees

How long you'll provide liquidity

How often rewards are reinvested

Type of asset pair in the pool

Liquidity Pool Basics

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What are Liquidity Pools?

Liquidity pools are smart contracts holding pairs of tokens that enable decentralized trading. Liquidity providers (LPs) deposit equal values of both tokens and earn trading fees from swaps. For example, a USDC-ETH pool allows traders to swap between these tokens.

How Do You Earn?

LPs earn a percentage of trading fees (typically 0.3% per swap on Uniswap, 0.05-0.3% on Curve). High-volume pools generate more fees. APY represents annualized fee earnings as a percentage of your deposit. 20% APY means you'd earn $2,000 annually on a $10,000 deposit.

Autocompounding

Some protocols (Yearn, Beefy Finance) auto-harvest your fees and reinvest them back into the pool. This compounds your returns without manual claiming and restaking. Daily autocompounding significantly boosts long-term yields compared to manual claiming.

Pool Types

Stablecoin-Stablecoin: Lowest IL risk (USDC-DAI).Stablecoin-Volatile: Moderate IL (ETH-USDC).Volatile-Correlated: Moderate-high IL (BTC-ETH).Volatile-Uncorrelated: Highest IL (exotic pairs).

Impermanent Loss (IL)

IL occurs when token prices diverge after you deposit. You'd have more value holding tokens than providing liquidity. The more prices diverge, the higher IL. Stablecoin pairs have minimal IL; volatile pairs have high IL. Trading fees can offset IL in high-volume pools.

Risk vs. Reward

Higher APY often means higher IL risk. A stablecoin pool with 8% APY may net you more than a volatile pool with 40% APY if IL exceeds 35%. Always consider net APY (APY minus expected IL) when choosing pools.

How to Use This Calculator

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1. Investment Amount

Enter the total USD value you're providing. For a 50/50 pool with $10,000 total, you'd deposit $5,000 of Token A and $5,000 of Token B. The calculator uses the combined $10,000 value.

2. APY Percentage

Find this on the DEX's liquidity page (Uniswap, Curve, Balancer). APY shows annualized trading fee earnings. Note: APYs fluctuate with trading volume. Use recent 7-30 day averages, not short-term spikes.

3. Time Period

How long you'll provide liquidity in days. 365 = 1 year, 730 = 2 years. Longer periods amplify compound effects but increase IL exposure if prices diverge significantly.

4. Autocompound Frequency

Select Daily (365x) if using auto-compounding vaults (Yearn, Beefy). Select No Compounding if manually claiming. More frequent compounding = higher returns.

5. Pool Type

Choose based on your token pair: Stablecoin-Stablecoin (lowest IL),Stablecoin-Volatile (moderate), Volatile-Correlated (higher), or Volatile-Uncorrelated (highest IL risk).

Understanding Results

You'll see: Expected Returns (fee earnings), Net APY (after IL), and IL Risk (estimated loss percentage). Net APY is your true expected yield.

Quick Example:

Provide $20,000 to ETH-USDC pool at 25% APY for 1 year with daily autocompounding:

• Investment: $20,000
• APY: 25%
• Period: 365 days
• Compound: Daily
• Type: Stable-Volatile

Result: ~$25,700 total (~$5,700 returns - ~$1,000 IL = ~$4,700 net profit, ~20% net APY)

How the Calculations Work

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Returns Calculation

1. Simple Returns

Simple = Investment × (APY / 100) × Years

Example: $10,000 × (20 / 100) × 1 = $2,000

2. Compound Periods

Periods = Frequency × Years

Example: 12 × 1 = 12 periods

3. Compound Rate

Rate = APY ÷ Frequency ÷ 100

Example: 20 ÷ 12 ÷ 100 = 0.0167 per period

IL & Net APY

4. Compounded Returns

Returns = Investment × ((1 + Rate)^Periods - 1)

Example: $10,000 × ((1.0167)^12 - 1) = $2,194

5. Impermanent Loss Risk

IL Risk = Based on pool type volatility

Stable-Stable: 0.5% | Stable-Volatile: 5% | Volatile-Volatile: 8-15%

6. Net APY

Net APY = Gross APY - IL Risk %

Example: 20% - 5% = 15% net APY

📊 Expected Returns Formula:

Expected = Frequency > 0 ? Compounded Returns : Simple Returns

If autocompounding is enabled, use compound formula. Otherwise, use simple returns. Autocompounding can add 8-15% more profit over a year compared to no compounding!

Understanding Impermanent Loss

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What is Impermanent Loss?

IL is the opportunity cost of providing liquidity vs. simply holding tokens. If token prices diverge from your deposit ratio, the AMM rebalances your position, resulting in less value than if you'd just held. It's impermanent because if prices return to original ratios, the loss disappears. But if you withdraw when prices have diverged, the loss becomes permanent.

Example: ETH Price Doubles

You deposit 1 ETH + $2,000 USDC ($4,000 total) into a pool. ETH doubles to $4,000.

Holding: 1 ETH ($4,000) + $2,000 USDC = $6,000
Pool: 0.707 ETH ($2,828) + $2,828 USDC = $5,656
IL: $6,000 - $5,656 = $344 (~5.7% loss)

IL by Price Change

1.25x: ~0.6% IL
1.5x: ~2% IL
2x: ~5.7% IL
3x: ~13.4% IL
4x: ~20% IL
5x: ~25.5% IL

Minimizing IL Risk

• Choose stablecoin pairs (USDC-DAI) for minimal IL
• Use correlated pairs (ETH-stETH, WBTC-renBTC)
• Ensure APY is 2-3x higher than expected IL
• Concentrated liquidity (Uniswap V3) can boost fees to offset IL
• Short-term provision in sideways markets reduces IL exposure

When IL Doesn't Matter

• High trading volume pools where fees are much greater than IL
• Long-term LPs who don't plan to withdraw soon
• Stablecoin pools with negligible price movement
• When you're bullish/bearish on both tokens equally

💡 Key Insight:

Trading fees can overcome IL! A 20% APY pool where you experience 8% IL still nets you 12% APY - better than simply holding in many cases. High-volume pools with tight spreads (stablecoin pools on Curve) often generate 10-15% APY with less than 1% IL, making them ideal for LPs. Always calculate Net APY = Gross APY - Expected IL.

Recommended Liquidity Pool Protocols

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Low IL Risk Pools

Curve Finance (Stablecoins)

Pools: USDC-USDT-DAI, 3pool | APY: 5-15% | IL: less than 0.5% |Risk: Very Low. Best for capital preservation with yield.

Balancer (Correlated Pairs)

Pools: ETH-stETH, WBTC-renBTC | APY: 3-8% | IL: less than 2% |Risk: Low. Minimal IL due to high correlation.

Uniswap V3 (Stablecoins)

Pools: USDC-DAI, USDC-USDT | APY: 8-20% | IL: less than 1% |Risk: Low. Concentrated liquidity boosts returns.

Higher Yield (Moderate-High IL)

Uniswap V2/V3 (ETH-USDC)

APY: 20-40% | IL: 5-10% | Risk: Moderate. High volume offsets IL in many cases.

SushiSwap (BTC-ETH)

APY: 15-30% | IL: 8-12% | Risk: Moderate-High. Good for correlated major pairs.

PancakeSwap (Exotic Pairs)

APY: 40-100%+ | IL: 15-30% | Risk: High. Only for active LPs who monitor daily.

✅ Selection Criteria:

  • Security: Use audited protocols with 2+ years track record (Uniswap, Curve, Balancer)
  • Volume: Prioritize pools with $10M+ daily volume for consistent fee generation
  • Net APY: Always calculate Gross APY - Expected IL. Target 10%+ net APY minimum
  • Autocompounding: Use Yearn, Beefy, or protocols with auto-harvest vaults
  • Diversification: Split capital across 2-3 pools to reduce protocol and pool-specific risks

Risks & Considerations

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⚠️ Impermanent Loss

The primary risk! Price divergence between paired tokens reduces your value vs. holding. Can easily exceed 10-25% in volatile markets, wiping out fee earnings.

⚠️ Smart Contract Risk

Bugs or exploits in pool contracts can drain funds. Only use battle-tested protocols with multiple audits (Uniswap, Curve, Aave). New pools or protocols are significantly riskier.

⚠️ Rug Pulls & Scams

Malicious actors create pools with 100%+ APYs, then drain liquidity. Verify token contracts, check locked liquidity, and avoid unknown projects promising unrealistic returns.

⚠️ APY Fluctuations

APYs change constantly based on trading volume and liquidity. A pool showing 40% APY today might drop to 15% next week if volume decreases or more LPs join.

⚠️ Token Price Risk

If one token crashes, you're left holding more of the declining asset. Your $10,000 deposit could become $3,000 if a token drops 70%, regardless of trading fees earned.

⚠️ Gas Fee Costs

Depositing, withdrawing, and claiming rewards cost gas. On Ethereum, fees can be $50-200+ during congestion. Ensure your position size justifies these costs (minimum $5,000-10,000).

⚠️ Liquidity Lock-Up

Some yield farming protocols lock LP tokens for days/weeks. You can't exit during price crashes. Always check lock-up periods before depositing.

⚠️ Tax Complexity

Each reward claim, deposit, and withdrawal may be a taxable event. IL can create capital losses. Consult a crypto tax professional - DeFi taxes are extremely complex.

Maximizing Pool Returns

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Use Auto-Compounding Vaults

Protocols like Yearn Finance and Beefy Finance auto-harvest and reinvest your fees daily. This can boost returns by 10-20% annually vs. manual claiming, and saves gas fees.

Choose High-Volume Pools

More trading = more fees. Prioritize pools with $10M+ daily volume. Check 24h volume on DEX analytics (info.uniswap.org). Major pairs (ETH-USDC) have consistent high volume.

Balance Risk and Reward

Target pools where APY is 2-3x higher than expected IL. A 25% APY with 8% IL (17% net) beats a 50% APY with 30% IL (20% net) due to lower risk.

Time Your Entry/Exit

Enter pools when prices are stable or at expected ratios. Exit during high volatility to minimize IL. Sideways markets are ideal for LPs - you earn fees without price risk.

Use Concentrated Liquidity

Uniswap V3 allows narrower price ranges, boosting fee earnings 2-10x. But increases IL risk if prices move outside your range. Best for stablecoins or tight ranges.

Monitor and Rebalance

Track IL weekly. If realized IL exceeds 10-15%, consider exiting and moving to lower-volatility pools. Set alerts for price divergence thresholds.

🚀 Power Strategy:

Conservative LP: $20,000 in USDC-DAI on Curve, 10% APY, daily autocompounding = $22,100+ in 1 year (0.5% IL) = ~$2,000 net profit

Moderate LP: $20,000 in ETH-USDC on Uniswap V3, 25% APY, daily autocompounding = $25,700 (5% IL) = ~$4,700 net profit

Key Insight: The moderate strategy nets 2.3x more profit but carries higher risk. Diversify: 60% in conservative pools, 40% in moderate pools for balanced risk-adjusted returns!

Tax Considerations

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Important Tax Information:

Liquidity pool participation creates multiple taxable events: depositing (potentially), claiming rewards, withdrawing, and impermanent loss realization. Fee earnings are typically taxable as income. IL losses may be deductible but require professional guidance. Tax treatment varies significantly by jurisdiction.

Track Everything

  • • Record deposit dates, amounts, and token values
  • • Track all fee claims (date, USD value at claiming)
  • • Document IL when withdrawing (potential capital loss)
  • • Use DeFi tax software (Koinly, CoinTracker, TokenTax)

Taxable Events

  • • Claiming rewards (ordinary income at fair market value)
  • • Selling or swapping LP tokens
  • • Withdrawing liquidity (capital gains/losses)
  • • Auto-compounded rewards (may be taxable upon accrual)

Professional Guidance Essential

DeFi liquidity pool taxation is extremely complex and evolving. The IRS and other tax authorities are still developing guidance. Impermanent loss treatment, auto-compounding events, and LP token valuation create significant uncertainty. Consult with a crypto-specialized CPA or tax attorney to ensure compliance, optimize your tax strategy, and avoid penalties. The cost of professional advice is far less than potential audit costs or incorrect filings.